Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53, classified as a halogen in group 17 of the periodic table. It is the heaviest stable halogen and appears as a non-metallic, lustrous, dark gray or purple-black solid at room temperature. Iodine forms diatomic molecules (I₂), where two iodine atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

Appearance: Lustrous, dark gray to purple-black solid with a crystalline structure; has a shiny, glittering surface

Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride

Melting Point: 113.5 to 114 °C

Iodine is essential for producing thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), which regulate metabolism, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and are crucial for normal growth and brain development, especially during pregnancy and infancy.

The key benefits of iodine center mainly on its essential role in supporting thyroid gland function and overall metabolic health:

• Thyroid hormone production: Iodine is crucial for making thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, growth, development, and many bodily functions such as heart rate, temperature, digestion, muscle control, skin health, and bone maintenance.

• Supports brain and neurological development: Adequate iodine intake during pregnancy and infancy is vital for proper brain development, reducing risks of intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in children.

• Prevents thyroid disorders: Iodine deficiency or excess can cause thyroid gland problems, including hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), and goiter (thyroid enlargement). Appropriate iodine levels help maintain healthy thyroid size and function.

• Promotes healthy pregnancy outcomes: Sufficient iodine reduces risks of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight, supporting fetal and maternal health.

• May support immune function and breast tissue health: Emerging evidence suggests iodine may have roles outside the thyroid, such as supporting the immune system and possibly mammary gland health.

• Treatment of thyroid diseases: Radioactive iodine is used medically to treat certain thyroid cancers and hyperthyroidism by targeting thyroid cells.