Vitamin K2 Mk4

Vitamin K2 MK-4, also known as menaquinone-4, is a specific form of vitamin K2 characterized by having four isoprene units in its side chain. It is a fat-soluble vitamin primarily found in animal products such as meat, liver, eggs, and dairy. Unlike some other vitamin K2 forms, MK-4 is not typically produced by bacterial fermentation but can be synthesized in the body from vitamin K1.

Appearance: Yellow powder or crystalline form

Solubility: Fat-soluble, practically insoluble in water (<0.1 mg/mL), but soluble in organic solvents like DMSO (20.8 mg/mL)

Melting Point: 34–38 °C

MK-4 is naturally found in animal products such as meat, liver, eggs, and dairy. It is also synthesized in human and animal tissues from vitamin K1. MK-4 is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine, especially when consumed with dietary fats, but it has a short half-life in the bloodstream, requiring more frequent intake (often multiple times per day) to maintain adequate levels.

Vitamin K2 MK-4 offers several important health benefits, primarily related to bone and cardiovascular health, along with some additional effects:

1. Bone Health: MK-4 plays a pivotal role in bone metabolism by activating osteocalcin, a protein that binds calcium to the bone matrix, promoting stronger bones and reducing fracture risk. Studies, including clinical trials with postmenopausal women, show MK-4 supplementation improves bone mineral density and helps prevent bone loss and fractures.

2. Cardiovascular Health: MK-4 activates Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), which inhibits calcium deposition in arteries, preventing arterial calcification. This helps maintain vascular elasticity and reduces the risk of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. MK-4 may also reduce LDL cholesterol and inhibit formation of cholesterol plaques.

3. Anti-inflammatory Effects: MK-4 modulates inflammatory mediators and cytokines, contributing to reduced inflammation and supporting immune health. This may also help in managing chronic inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis.

4. Potential Diabetes Risk Reduction: Some evidence suggests vitamin K2, including MK-4, may improve insulin sensitivity and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

5. Additional Roles: Emerging research hints at benefits for brain health, joint function, and overall metabolic regulation, though more studies are needed.